Candida - an yeast-like fungus often affecting female genitalia.
Casein - the primary protein found in milk from cows, which forms curds in the presence of acid.
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) - a high energy-yielding phosphate molecule involved in the producing and storing energy. This is the chemical that is converted by the body into ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) so the body can use it for energy.
Bontril SR - an appetite suppressant that which works by stimulating the central nervous system.
Oxidation - a chemical reaction in which a compound (or element) loses electrons. When one compound is oxidized, another compound or element is reduced. That is, that other compound or element must `pick up` the electrons that the first has lost. With reference to the body, free radicals (uncharged atoms or molecules with one or more unpaired electrons) are a form of oxidation, and play a role in the gradual deterioration that characterizes the aging process in all individuals.
Cystitis - urinary tract infection.
Cultural Controls - in crop cultivation, a correlated pest management method, which comprises of modifying the growing environment (such as by annual crop rotation) to reduce the prevalence of plant parasites and pests.
Amino Acids - small molecules that function as the building blocks of proteins, 9 of which cannot be manufactured by the body and which, therefore, must be made available through food nutrients. From a chemical perspective, amino acids are composed of organic compounds that have an amino (NH2) group and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Amino acids are grouped into indispensable, dispensable, and conditionally indispensable. When the body`s production is not enough to meet its metabolic requirements, an amino acid is classified as essential and must necessarily be supplied as part of the food ingested. Essential amino acids include valine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine and, possibly, arginine. Nonessential amino acids can be generated by the human body in sufficient amounts, and are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine. Amino acids classified as conditionally essential are non essential amino acids that become essential under certain clinical conditions.
Bulimia Nervosa - a medical disorder marked by compulsive binging on food (eating large amounts very quickly), accompanied by a feeling of being utterly out of control during the food encounter, and allowing body weight and shape to have an overpowering effect on one`s sense of self-esteem. Two variants of this eating disorder are prevalent: purging and non-purging. In the former, the person frequently voids the body of the foods consumed by self-inflicted regurgitation, or by the frequent abuse of laxatives or diuretics. Conversely, in the second type, the person controls weight through rigorous dieting, going on periodic fasts, or excessive exercise. This binge eating followed by self-inflicted vomiting, and experiencing depression, guilt, and self-loathing, is often also related to with another eating disorder, anorexia nervosa. Often, there is no appreciable weight loss and the disease may not come to medical attention until the individual seeks help.
Sugars - the many forms of carbohydrates which can be used by the body to create energy. While several people link sweet foods to sucrose (table sugar), table sugar is merely one type of sugar providing a sweet flavor. Fruits are natural sources of simple sugars like glucose and fructose; other foods have a number of sugars, such as corn syrup, honey, and high fructose corn syrup, that are organic blends of glucose and fructose. Another simple sugar found in milk, known as lactose, is a blend of glucose and the simple sugar galactose. All simple or complex sugars are carbohydrates that have 4 calories for each gram ingested, and all carbohydrates are comprised of 1 or more than 1 molecules of simple sugar. After they have been synthesized and absorbed by the body, sugars are transported by the bloodstream to body cells, which utilize them in the role of the body`s chief energy source, to assist in breaking down and digesting fat, form proteins, or store for future use. Sugars add more than just sweetness to food. In addition, they give food singular functional qualities, such as browning and texture as well as add to the enjoyment of consuming a healthy diet. Even though today`s consumer is confronted by an extensive variety of sugars - sucrose, raw sugar, turbinado sugar (cane sugar that retains the natural molasses found in the sugar crystals), brown sugar, honey, corn syrup - there is hardly any difference in the nutritional content or energy each provides, and hence no benefit of any one variety, nutritionally, over another. In addition, there is a lack of evidence that the human body can distinguish between organic sugars or added sugars in food products.
Counseling - expert guidance provided by professional counselors in specific areas.
Digestion - the process by which the alimentary tract (stomach and intestines) converts food into a form that can be absorbed by the body.
Thermal Effect of Food - the increase in energy expenditure associated with the biological processes of the breakdown, absorption and metabolism of nutrients; this figure represents approximately 10 % of a person`s total energy expenditure and includes facultative thermogenesis (extra thermal heat expended on demand) and obligatory thermogenesis; often known as DIT (diet-induced thermogenesis).
Nutraceutical - a naturally occurring food (such as garlic, soy) or food supplement (such as cod liver oil or garlic capsules) considered to provide medical or health benefits in addition to just nutrition, which includes protection against chronic disease. Studies show that this term may not attract consumers. (Also see Functional Foods.)
Pectin - a naturally-occurring thickening agent found in ripe fruits (such as apples, crab apples, gooseberries, and some varieties of plums and grapes). Pectin is a vital ingredient in making jellies and jams. Certain fruits contain large quantities of pectin (for instance, citrus fruits, blackberries, apples, and red currants), but others have low pectin levels (for example, cherries and strawberries), so lemon juice should additionally be used in those jams to help them set.
Sorbitol - a naturally occurring sugar-like compound used as a sweetening agent for foods.
Dialysis - man-made procedure for elimination of bodily wastes from the blood when the kidneys stop functioning.
Set - the number of times a single exercise movement is repeated, like an arm curl or a squat. Squatting down and back up is a single repetition. Eight such repetitions makes 1 set.
Nutrient Density - the measurement of the proportion of nutrients provided (in relationship to the calories contained) in a specific serving of food. Foods that have significant quantities of vitamins and minerals and relatively fewer calories are considered nutrient dense. The opposite of nutrient density is calorie density, which are foods high in calories with comparatively few nutrients.
NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) - a set of surveys which incorporate data from medical records, vital statistics, biochemical evaluation, physical health tests and dietary intake of population groups within the USA. The national survey is conducted by the US Department of Health and Human Services about every five years.
Introduction To Web Pharmacy