Calorie - the amount of thermal energy in food needed to increase
the temperature of 1 gram of water at a normal initial temperature by 1 C (one degree Celsius). Calories have now been replaced by kilojoules: 4.2 kilojoules are equivalent to 1 calorie. Foods contain fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Certain beverages contain alcohol. Carbohydrates contain 4 calories per gram. Proteins have 4 calories for each gram. Alcohol has 29.4 kilojoules (7 calories) for each gram. Fats contain 9 calories per gram.
Blind (single or double) Experiment - research methods. In a single-blind study, the participants are not informed about if they are getting an experimental treatment or a control treatment such as a placebo. In a double blind testing procedure, the researchers and participants are both unaware of which participants receive the treatment, right up to the time the research is complete.
Bias - takes place when flaws in clinical trials produce results that are unrelated to the variables being researched or analyzed. An example is Selection Bias, which occurs when the individuals or groups who take part in a study are chosen so as to misleadingly increase or decrease the strength of an association. Selection bias may occur when control and study groups are made up of differing populations.
Alitame - a sweetener made from protein building blocks, called amino acids - (L-aspartic acid, D-alanine, and an innovative amide (a specific arrangement of chemical bonds between carbon, nitrogen and oxygen). It offers a taste which is 2000 times more sweet than that of sucrose and can be used in a wide variety of products, such as coffee, tea and other beverages, tabletop sweeteners, frozen yogurt and similar desserts, and baked goods. Only the aspartic acid component of alitame is metabolized by the body. Consequently, alitame has just 1.4kcal/g. Because alitame has such a potent sweetening property, it`s used very sparingly and thus the calories it adds are close to nil. It is remarkably stable, is able to undergo, without deterioration, high temperatures in cooking and baking and seems to be useful in practically all foods & beverages in which organic or inorganic sweeteners are presently used. The FDA is currently considering a proposal to approve the use of this sweetener in the American food supply. This sweetener has already been cleared for use in all types of food and beverage items throughout Australia, Mexico, and New Zealand.
Ally Methyl Trisulfide Dithiolthiones - a kind of sulfide / thiol found in cruciferous vegetables, that might help provide the health benefits of reducing LDL cholesterol and protecting the immune system from damage.
Yoga - a system of exercises for mental, spiritual and physical improvement and a sense on inner tranquility. The numerous schools of yoga include poses (or asanas) to increase the body`s strength and suppleness, breath-control exercises that calm and purify the body, and meditation to help the mind and body relax and manage stress better.
Hypertrophy - the enlargement in the size of an organ. It should not be confused with hyperplasia, which is caused by an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ; hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size rather than division. It is most often found in muscle mass which has been intentionally been built up, the most familiar reason being bodybuilding exercise.
Trapezius - either of two flat, triangular muscles of the shoulders and upper back that are involved in moving the shoulders and arms.
RNA - also known as ribonucleic acid. RNA is a chemical similar to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that functions primarily to decode the instructions carried by genes to effect protein synthesis.
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